What is sulfite measured for?

Sulfite (SO₃²⁻) is used in water treatment as an oxygen scavenger to prevent corrosion in steam boilers, heating systems and closed cooling systems. As a reducing agent, sulfite reacts with dissolved oxygen and thus protects pipes and plant components from oxygen corrosion.

The optimal sulfite concentration in boiler water is 20-30 mg/l SO₃²⁻. Regular monitoring is essential, as values that are too low do not provide sufficient corrosion protection, while concentrations that are too high are uneconomical and promote the formation of sulfate.

In the food industry, sulfite is also used as a preservative and antioxidant. Monitoring the sulfite concentration is therefore of great importance in various industrial sectors.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfite Test Set T works according to the proven iodometric titration method. After preparing the water sample with two reagents, a titration solution is added drop by drop until a clear colour change occurs.

The measured value results from the number of drops used – each drop corresponds to 5 mg/l SO₃²⁻. This method is particularly fast (just 1 minute) and is excellently suited for routine monitoring in boiler plants.

Benefits of the CALDUR® test set

• Very fast analysis in just 1 minute

  Fastest CALDUR® method for sulfite – ideal for frequent checks in shift operation

• Simple drop counting without complex evaluation

  Each drop = 5 mg/l – very easy calculation directly on site

• Precise titration method based on the iodometric principle

  Proven procedure with high reproducibility and reliability

• 100 determinations per set

  Sufficient for regular checks in boiler plants and heating stations

• Flexible measuring range through drop counting

  From 5 mg/l to over 100 mg/l – measurable by simply continuing to add drops

• No special instruments required

  Just a dropper bottle and test tube – perfect for mobile use

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transport and protection of the reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfite T – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the total hardness measured for?

The total hardness of water is an important parameter for water quality and describes the sum of all alkaline earth ions, mainly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions originate from the natural dissolution of rocks and minerals and have a significant influence on the properties of the water.

In Germany, water hardness is given in °dH (degrees of German hardness):

• 0-7 °dH: Soft water
• 7-14 °dH: Medium hard water
• 14-21 °dH: Hard water
• >21 °dH: Very hard water

Knowing the water hardness is crucial for many applications: from the dosing of detergents and the adjustment of softening systems to the prevention of limescale deposits in pipes, boilers and industrial systems.

Hardness measurement is particularly important for: Drinking water treatment, boiler water monitoring, aquaristics, swimming pools, the food industry and industrial processes.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Total Hardness Test Set GR uses the proven complexometric titration method with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In this method, the calcium and magnesium ions are bound by EDTA, with a Reagent indicating the end point by a characteristic color change.

Measuring principle: 1 reagent is added to the water sample. When the titration solution is added drop by drop, the hardness constituents bind to the EDTA. The color change from red to green indicates that all hardness constituents are bound.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 0.1 °dH (for 5 ml sample) or 0.05 °dH (for 10 ml sample). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value directly results in the total hardness in °dH.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 1 minute

  Ideal for routine checks on site – immediate results without waiting time

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Measured value per drop: 0.1 / 0.05 °dH – exact results thanks to proven complexometric method

• 100 at 1°dH Determinations per set

  Economical for regular household, commercial and industrial checks

• Clear color change from red to green

  Clear endpoint recognition – easy to read even for inexperienced users

• Flexible sample volume (5 ml or 10 ml)

  Higher accuracy with 10 ml sample due to halved drop value

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Total hardness GR – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the total hardness measured for?

The total hardness of water is an important parameter for water quality and describes the sum of all alkaline earth ions, mainly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions originate from the natural dissolution of rocks and minerals and have a significant influence on the properties of the water.

In Germany, water hardness is given in °dH (degrees of German hardness):

• 0-7 °dH: Soft water
• 7-14 °dH: Medium hard water
• 14-21 °dH: Hard water
• >21 °dH: Very hard water

Knowing the water hardness is crucial for many applications: from the dosing of detergents and the adjustment of softening systems to the prevention of limescale deposits in pipes, boilers and industrial systems.

Hardness measurement is particularly important for: Drinking water treatment, boiler water monitoring, aquaristics, swimming pools, the food industry and industrial processes.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Total Hardness Test Set GH uses the proven complexometric titration method with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In this method, the calcium and magnesium ions are bound by EDTA, with a Reagent indicating the end point by a characteristic color change.

Measuring principle: 1 reagent is added to the water sample. When the titration solution is added drop by drop, the hardness constituents bind to the EDTA. The color change from red to green indicates that all hardness constituents are bound.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 0.5 °dH (for 5 ml sample) or 0.25 °dH (for 10 ml sample). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value directly results in the total hardness in °dH.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 1 minute

  Ideal for routine checks on site – immediate results without waiting time

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Measured value per drop: 0.5 / 0.25 °dH – exact results thanks to proven complexometric method

• 100 at 5°dH Determinations per set

  Economical for regular household, commercial and industrial checks

• Clear color change from red to green

  Clear endpoint recognition – easy to read even for inexperienced users

• Flexible sample volume (5 ml or 10 ml)

  Higher accuracy with 10 ml sample due to halved drop value

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Total hardness GH – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the total hardness measured for?

The total hardness of water is an important parameter for water quality and describes the sum of all alkaline earth ions, mainly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions originate from the natural dissolution of rocks and minerals and have a significant influence on the properties of the water.

In Germany, water hardness is given in °dH (degrees of German hardness):

• 0-7 °dH: Soft water
• 7-14 °dH: Medium hard water
• 14-21 °dH: Hard water
• >21 °dH: Very hard water

Knowing the water hardness is crucial for many applications: from the dosing of detergents and the adjustment of softening systems to the prevention of limescale deposits in pipes, boilers and industrial systems.

Hardness measurement is particularly important for: Drinking water treatment, boiler water monitoring, aquaristics, swimming pools, the food industry and industrial processes.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Total Hardness Test Set GHT 100 uses the proven complexometric titration method with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In this method, the calcium and magnesium ions are bound by EDTA, with a Reagent indicating the end point by a characteristic color change.

Measuring principle: 2 reagents (Reagent and titration solution) are added to the water sample. When the titration solution is added drop by drop, the hardness constituents bind to the EDTA. The color change from red to green indicates that all hardness constituents are bound.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 1.0 °dH (for 5 ml sample) or 0.5 °dH (for 10 ml sample). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value directly results in the total hardness in °dH.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 1 minute

  Ideal for routine checks on site – immediate results without waiting time

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Measured value per drop: 1.0 / 0.5 °dH – exact results thanks to proven complexometric method

• 100 at 10°dH Determinations per set

  Economical for regular household, commercial and industrial checks

• Clear color change from red to green

  Clear endpoint recognition – easy to read even for inexperienced users

• Flexible sample volume (5 ml or 10 ml)

  Higher accuracy with 10 ml sample due to halved drop value

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Total hardness GHT 100 – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

Precise water analysis – directly on site

The WINLAB Data Line photometer is a powerful, portable fourth-generation LED photometer developed specifically for water analysis in the field and in the laboratory. It is the ideal complement to the photometric CALDUR® test sets and enables an objective, digital evaluation of water samples – without subjective colour comparisons.

With nine LED wavelengths (380, 430, 470, 500, 520, 560, 610, 700 and 810 nm), the photometer covers a wide spectral range and is therefore suitable for a large number of water parameters.

Which parameters can be measured?

In combination with the CALDUR® test sets, you can determine the following parameters photometrically, among others:

• Disinfection & oxidation: chlorine (free), chlorine LR/HR (free + combined), chlorine dioxide, peroxide
• Metals: aluminium, iron (LR, LRS, HRS), chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum
• Nutrients: ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate (LR/HR), silicate
• Organic substances: DEHA (diethylhydroxylamine), ascorbic acid, MEKO
• Others: chloride HR, sulfide, sulfite

In total, over 100 pre-programmed measuring methods are available – in addition to CALDUR®, also for reagents from other manufacturers.

What makes the WINLAB Data Line special?

• Automatic concentration determination with pre-programmed calibration curves

  No manual reading from a colour chart – the photometer calculates the value digitally and reliably

• Large, backlit graphic display (128 × 64 pixels) with mineral glass cover

  Readings are clearly legible even in difficult lighting conditions – scratch-resistant and robust

• Memory for up to 150 calibration curves and 1,000 measurement records

  Extensive documentation directly on the device – ideal for logging and quality assurance

• Reagent instructions readable directly from the display

  No searching through paper manuals – step-by-step instructions always at hand

• Waterproof housing with protected cuvette compartment

  Designed for use directly at water treatment plants, wells or outdoors

• Wireless IrDA interface and USB port with documentation software

  Easily evaluate, archive and process measurement data on a PC

• Battery operation with charger – ready for use immediately

  Independent of the mains – ideal for mobile use and field measurements

Der Beitrag WINLAB Data Line photometer in case erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is Sulfite measured for?

Sulfite (SO₃²-) is used in water treatment as an oxygen binding agent to prevent corrosion
in steam boilers, heating systems and closed cooling systems. As a reducing agent
, Sulfite reacts with dissolved oxygen and thus protects pipelines and system components from
oxygen corrosion.

The optimum Sulfite concentration in boiler water is 20-30 mg/l SO₃²-.
Regular monitoring is essential, as values that are too low do not provide sufficient corrosion protection
, while concentrations that are too high are uneconomical and promote the formation of Sulfite.

Sulfite is also used as a preservative and antioxidant in the food industry.
Monitoring the concentration of sulfite is therefore of great importance in various industrial sectors.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfite Test Set – Colorimetric is based on the proven thiobenzoic acid method.
After adding two reagents to the water sample, a
characteristic color develops within 3 minutes, the intensity of which is proportional to the Sulfite concentration.

The measured value is determined by direct color comparison with a supplied 6-level color chart.
Optionally, the sample can also be evaluated photometrically with the WINLAB Data Line photometer.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 3 minutes

  Ideal for regular checks in boiler systems – immediate results on site

• Wide measuring range from 0.5 to 20 mg/l SO₃²-

  Covers the entire practical range for boiler water and industrial applications

• 150 provisions per set – economical in continuous use

  Cost-efficient for daily checks in power plants, heating systems and industrial operations

• Can be used colorimetrically and optionally photometrically

  Flexible for simple on-site tests or precise laboratory analyses with photometer

• Easy handling without special equipment

  No additional technology required – ideal for quick routine checks

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable and reliable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfite – Colorimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is sulfide measured for?

Sulphide (S²-) is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic substances containing sulphur and can cause an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs as hydrogen sulphide (H₂S). Even low concentrations are corrosive and can damage pipelines and structures.

Sulphide is harmful to health in higher concentrations and can cause respiratory and eye irritation in people who work with contaminated water. Sulphide is undesirable in drinking water treatment and must be reliably detected.

In industrial water treatment, in sewage treatment plants and in groundwater samples, sulphide control is essential to prevent corrosion and ensure water quality.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfide Test Set – Photometric is based on the DPD method. After adding two reagents to the water sample, a characteristic coloration develops within 7 minutes, the concentration of which is precisely determined with the WINLAB Data Line photometer.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Sensitive measuring range 0.05 – 1.0 mg/l S²-

  Detection of even low sulphide concentrations

• 100 provisions per set

  Economical for regular checks

• High precision due to photometric evaluation

  Objective, reproducible measurement results with the WINLAB Data Line

• Proven DPD method

  Reliable results even with stained samples

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfide – Photometric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is sulfide measured for?

Sulphide (S²-) is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic substances containing sulphur and can cause an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs as hydrogen sulphide (H₂S). Even low concentrations are corrosive and can damage pipelines and structures.

Sulphide is harmful to health in higher concentrations and can cause respiratory and eye irritation in people who work with contaminated water. Sulphide is undesirable in drinking water treatment and must be reliably detected.

In industrial water treatment, in sewage treatment plants and in groundwater samples, sulphide control is essential to prevent corrosion and ensure water quality.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfide Test Set – Colorimetric is based on the DPD method. After adding two reagents to the water sample, a characteristic coloration develops within 7 minutes, the intensity of which is proportional to the sulfide concentration.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Sensitive measuring range 0.05 – 1.0 mg/l S²-

  Detection of even low sulphide concentrations

• 100 provisions per set

  Economical for regular checks

• Easy handling

  Fast on-site determination without measuring devices

• Proven DPD method

  Reliable and reproducible results

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfide – Colorimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is sulfate measured for?

Sulphate (SO₄²-) is a naturally occurring anion in many bodies of water and mainly comes from the weathering of sulphate-containing minerals such as gypsum (CaSO₄) and anhydrite. In industrial processes, sulphate also enters the water through wastewater, cooling towers and chemical production processes.

The limit value for sulphate in drinking water is 250 mg/l (Drinking Water Ordinance). Elevated sulphate concentrations can have a deleterious effect and impair the taste of the water. Sulphate monitoring is particularly important in industry, as high concentrations can lead to corrosion of concrete structures and pipelines.

This test kit with a resolution of 20 mg/l SO₄²- per drop is optimized for higher concentrations and enables rapid determination in samples with elevated sulfate content.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfate 20 mg test kit works according to the principle of precipitation titration. A reagent is first added to the water sample. The titration solution is then added drop by drop until a color change indicates the end point.

Measuring principle: Barium ions from the titration solution react with sulphate ions and form poorly soluble barium sulphate. The end point is indicated by a Reagent. Each drop corresponds to 20 mg/l SO₄²-.

Calculation: Number of drops × 20 = sulphate concentration in mg/l.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 2 minutes

  Efficient on-site determination without laboratory equipment

• Measured value 20 mg/l SO₄²- per drop

  Larger measuring range for higher concentrations

• 30 provisions per set

  Economical for regular monitoring

• Proven precipitation titration

  Reliable and reproducible results

• Faster titration at high concentrations

  Fewer drops required than with the 10 mg test set

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfate 20 mg – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is sulfate measured for?

Sulphate (SO₄²-) is a naturally occurring anion in many bodies of water and mainly comes from the weathering of sulphate-containing minerals such as gypsum (CaSO₄) and anhydrite. In industrial processes, sulphate also enters the water through wastewater, cooling towers and chemical production processes.

The limit value for sulphate in drinking water is 250 mg/l (Drinking Water Ordinance). Elevated sulphate concentrations can have a deleterious effect and impair the taste of the water. Sulphate monitoring is particularly important in industry, as high concentrations can lead to corrosion of concrete structures and pipelines.

This test set with a resolution of 10 mg/l SO₄²- per drop is ideal for monitoring drinking water, process water and industrial applications in the medium concentration range.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfate 10 mg test kit works according to the principle of precipitation titration. The water sample is first passed through an ion exchanger to remove interfering ions. A reagent is then added and titrated drop by drop until a color change indicates the end point.

Measuring principle: Barium ions from the titration solution react with sulphate ions and form poorly soluble barium sulphate. The end point is indicated by a Reagent. Each drop corresponds to 10 mg/l SO₄²-.

Calculation: Number of drops × 10 = sulphate concentration in mg/l.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 2 minutes

  Efficient on-site determination without laboratory equipment

• Measured value 10 mg/l SO₄²- per drop

  Precise measurement in the medium concentration range

• 30 provisions per set

  Economical for regular monitoring

• Proven precipitation titration

  Reliable and reproducible results

• Ion exchanger for the elimination of impurities

  Precise results even with complex water matrices

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfate 10 mg – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.