What is sulfite measured for?

Sulfite (SO₃²⁻) is used in water treatment as an oxygen scavenger to prevent corrosion in steam boilers, heating systems and closed cooling systems. As a reducing agent, sulfite reacts with dissolved oxygen and thus protects pipes and plant components from oxygen corrosion.

The optimal sulfite concentration in boiler water is 20-30 mg/l SO₃²⁻. Regular monitoring is essential, as values that are too low do not provide sufficient corrosion protection, while concentrations that are too high are uneconomical and promote the formation of sulfate.

In the food industry, sulfite is also used as a preservative and antioxidant. Monitoring the sulfite concentration is therefore of great importance in various industrial sectors.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfite Test Set T works according to the proven iodometric titration method. After preparing the water sample with two reagents, a titration solution is added drop by drop until a clear colour change occurs.

The measured value results from the number of drops used – each drop corresponds to 5 mg/l SO₃²⁻. This method is particularly fast (just 1 minute) and is excellently suited for routine monitoring in boiler plants.

Benefits of the CALDUR® test set

• Very fast analysis in just 1 minute

  Fastest CALDUR® method for sulfite – ideal for frequent checks in shift operation

• Simple drop counting without complex evaluation

  Each drop = 5 mg/l – very easy calculation directly on site

• Precise titration method based on the iodometric principle

  Proven procedure with high reproducibility and reliability

• 100 determinations per set

  Sufficient for regular checks in boiler plants and heating stations

• Flexible measuring range through drop counting

  From 5 mg/l to over 100 mg/l – measurable by simply continuing to add drops

• No special instruments required

  Just a dropper bottle and test tube – perfect for mobile use

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transport and protection of the reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfite T – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the total hardness measured for?

The total hardness of water is an important parameter for water quality and describes the sum of all alkaline earth ions, mainly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions originate from the natural dissolution of rocks and minerals and have a significant influence on the properties of the water.

In Germany, water hardness is given in °dH (degrees of German hardness):

• 0-7 °dH: Soft water
• 7-14 °dH: Medium hard water
• 14-21 °dH: Hard water
• >21 °dH: Very hard water

Knowing the water hardness is crucial for many applications: from the dosing of detergents and the adjustment of softening systems to the prevention of limescale deposits in pipes, boilers and industrial systems.

Hardness measurement is particularly important for: Drinking water treatment, boiler water monitoring, aquaristics, swimming pools, the food industry and industrial processes.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Total Hardness Test Set GR uses the proven complexometric titration method with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In this method, the calcium and magnesium ions are bound by EDTA, with a Reagent indicating the end point by a characteristic color change.

Measuring principle: 1 reagent is added to the water sample. When the titration solution is added drop by drop, the hardness constituents bind to the EDTA. The color change from red to green indicates that all hardness constituents are bound.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 0.1 °dH (for 5 ml sample) or 0.05 °dH (for 10 ml sample). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value directly results in the total hardness in °dH.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 1 minute

  Ideal for routine checks on site – immediate results without waiting time

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Measured value per drop: 0.1 / 0.05 °dH – exact results thanks to proven complexometric method

• 100 at 1°dH Determinations per set

  Economical for regular household, commercial and industrial checks

• Clear color change from red to green

  Clear endpoint recognition – easy to read even for inexperienced users

• Flexible sample volume (5 ml or 10 ml)

  Higher accuracy with 10 ml sample due to halved drop value

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Total hardness GR – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the total hardness measured for?

The total hardness of water is an important parameter for water quality and describes the sum of all alkaline earth ions, mainly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions originate from the natural dissolution of rocks and minerals and have a significant influence on the properties of the water.

In Germany, water hardness is given in °dH (degrees of German hardness):

• 0-7 °dH: Soft water
• 7-14 °dH: Medium hard water
• 14-21 °dH: Hard water
• >21 °dH: Very hard water

Knowing the water hardness is crucial for many applications: from the dosing of detergents and the adjustment of softening systems to the prevention of limescale deposits in pipes, boilers and industrial systems.

Hardness measurement is particularly important for: Drinking water treatment, boiler water monitoring, aquaristics, swimming pools, the food industry and industrial processes.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Total Hardness Test Set GH uses the proven complexometric titration method with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In this method, the calcium and magnesium ions are bound by EDTA, with a Reagent indicating the end point by a characteristic color change.

Measuring principle: 1 reagent is added to the water sample. When the titration solution is added drop by drop, the hardness constituents bind to the EDTA. The color change from red to green indicates that all hardness constituents are bound.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 0.5 °dH (for 5 ml sample) or 0.25 °dH (for 10 ml sample). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value directly results in the total hardness in °dH.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 1 minute

  Ideal for routine checks on site – immediate results without waiting time

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Measured value per drop: 0.5 / 0.25 °dH – exact results thanks to proven complexometric method

• 100 at 5°dH Determinations per set

  Economical for regular household, commercial and industrial checks

• Clear color change from red to green

  Clear endpoint recognition – easy to read even for inexperienced users

• Flexible sample volume (5 ml or 10 ml)

  Higher accuracy with 10 ml sample due to halved drop value

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Total hardness GH – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the total hardness measured for?

The total hardness of water is an important parameter for water quality and describes the sum of all alkaline earth ions, mainly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions originate from the natural dissolution of rocks and minerals and have a significant influence on the properties of the water.

In Germany, water hardness is given in °dH (degrees of German hardness):

• 0-7 °dH: Soft water
• 7-14 °dH: Medium hard water
• 14-21 °dH: Hard water
• >21 °dH: Very hard water

Knowing the water hardness is crucial for many applications: from the dosing of detergents and the adjustment of softening systems to the prevention of limescale deposits in pipes, boilers and industrial systems.

Hardness measurement is particularly important for: Drinking water treatment, boiler water monitoring, aquaristics, swimming pools, the food industry and industrial processes.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Total Hardness Test Set GHT 100 uses the proven complexometric titration method with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In this method, the calcium and magnesium ions are bound by EDTA, with a Reagent indicating the end point by a characteristic color change.

Measuring principle: 2 reagents (Reagent and titration solution) are added to the water sample. When the titration solution is added drop by drop, the hardness constituents bind to the EDTA. The color change from red to green indicates that all hardness constituents are bound.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 1.0 °dH (for 5 ml sample) or 0.5 °dH (for 10 ml sample). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value directly results in the total hardness in °dH.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 1 minute

  Ideal for routine checks on site – immediate results without waiting time

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Measured value per drop: 1.0 / 0.5 °dH – exact results thanks to proven complexometric method

• 100 at 10°dH Determinations per set

  Economical for regular household, commercial and industrial checks

• Clear color change from red to green

  Clear endpoint recognition – easy to read even for inexperienced users

• Flexible sample volume (5 ml or 10 ml)

  Higher accuracy with 10 ml sample due to halved drop value

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Total hardness GHT 100 – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is sulfate measured for?

Sulphate (SO₄²-) is a naturally occurring anion in many bodies of water and mainly comes from the weathering of sulphate-containing minerals such as gypsum (CaSO₄) and anhydrite. In industrial processes, sulphate also enters the water through wastewater, cooling towers and chemical production processes.

The limit value for sulphate in drinking water is 250 mg/l (Drinking Water Ordinance). Elevated sulphate concentrations can have a deleterious effect and impair the taste of the water. Sulphate monitoring is particularly important in industry, as high concentrations can lead to corrosion of concrete structures and pipelines.

This test kit with a resolution of 20 mg/l SO₄²- per drop is optimized for higher concentrations and enables rapid determination in samples with elevated sulfate content.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfate 20 mg test kit works according to the principle of precipitation titration. A reagent is first added to the water sample. The titration solution is then added drop by drop until a color change indicates the end point.

Measuring principle: Barium ions from the titration solution react with sulphate ions and form poorly soluble barium sulphate. The end point is indicated by a Reagent. Each drop corresponds to 20 mg/l SO₄²-.

Calculation: Number of drops × 20 = sulphate concentration in mg/l.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 2 minutes

  Efficient on-site determination without laboratory equipment

• Measured value 20 mg/l SO₄²- per drop

  Larger measuring range for higher concentrations

• 30 provisions per set

  Economical for regular monitoring

• Proven precipitation titration

  Reliable and reproducible results

• Faster titration at high concentrations

  Fewer drops required than with the 10 mg test set

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfate 20 mg – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is sulfate measured for?

Sulphate (SO₄²-) is a naturally occurring anion in many bodies of water and mainly comes from the weathering of sulphate-containing minerals such as gypsum (CaSO₄) and anhydrite. In industrial processes, sulphate also enters the water through wastewater, cooling towers and chemical production processes.

The limit value for sulphate in drinking water is 250 mg/l (Drinking Water Ordinance). Elevated sulphate concentrations can have a deleterious effect and impair the taste of the water. Sulphate monitoring is particularly important in industry, as high concentrations can lead to corrosion of concrete structures and pipelines.

This test set with a resolution of 10 mg/l SO₄²- per drop is ideal for monitoring drinking water, process water and industrial applications in the medium concentration range.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Sulfate 10 mg test kit works according to the principle of precipitation titration. The water sample is first passed through an ion exchanger to remove interfering ions. A reagent is then added and titrated drop by drop until a color change indicates the end point.

Measuring principle: Barium ions from the titration solution react with sulphate ions and form poorly soluble barium sulphate. The end point is indicated by a Reagent. Each drop corresponds to 10 mg/l SO₄²-.

Calculation: Number of drops × 10 = sulphate concentration in mg/l.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 2 minutes

  Efficient on-site determination without laboratory equipment

• Measured value 10 mg/l SO₄²- per drop

  Precise measurement in the medium concentration range

• 30 provisions per set

  Economical for regular monitoring

• Proven precipitation titration

  Reliable and reproducible results

• Ion exchanger for the elimination of impurities

  Precise results even with complex water matrices

Der Beitrag Caldur® Sulfate 10 mg – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the PM value measured for?

The PM value (p-value and m-value) describes the acid and base capacity of water and is a central parameter in boiler water and cooling water monitoring.

The p-value (phenolphthalein value) indicates the base capacity up to pH 8.2 and shows the concentration of hydroxide and carbonate ions. It is particularly important for monitoring alkalinity in boiler water and cooling water systems.

The m-value (methyl orange value) indicates the total alkalinity up to pH 4.3 and also includes the hydrogen carbonate ions. It is a measure of the total acid capacity of the water.

Regular monitoring of the PM value is essential for the safe operation of steam boiler systems, cooling water systems and water treatment systems. Incorrect alkalinity values can lead to corrosion, boiler scale or foaming.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® PM value test set works according to the proven acid-base titration method. The water sample is first mixed with a pre-reagent and an m-reagent (Reagent). The titration solution is then added drop by drop until a clear color change indicates the end point.

Measuring principle: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 0.5 mmol/l (for standard sample volume) or 0.25 mmol/l (for double sample volume). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value results directly in the PM value.

Calculation: Number of drops × 0.5 (0.25) mmol/l = PM value.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• p-value and m-value in one test set

  Comprehensive alkalinity determination with one test kit

• Measured value 0.5 (0.25) mmol/l per drop

  Precise measurement for system monitoring

• 100 provisions per set

  Economical for regular operational control

• 3 reagents for maximum accuracy

  m reagent, pre-reagent and titration solution

• Proven acid-base titration

  Reliable and reproducible results

Der Beitrag Caldur® PM value – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is the total hardness measured for?

The total hardness of water is an important parameter for water quality and describes the sum of all alkaline earth ions, mainly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺). These ions originate from the natural dissolution of rocks and minerals and have a significant influence on the properties of the water.

In Germany, water hardness is given in °dH (degrees of German hardness):

• 0-7 °dH: Soft water
• 7-14 °dH: Medium hard water
• 14-21 °dH: Hard water
• >21 °dH: Very hard water

Knowing the water hardness is crucial for many applications: from the dosing of detergents and the adjustment of softening systems to the prevention of limescale deposits in pipes, boilers and industrial systems.

Hardness measurement is particularly important for: Drinking water treatment, boiler water monitoring, aquaristics, swimming pools, the food industry and industrial processes.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Total Hardness Test Set GH 100 uses the proven complexometric titration method with EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In this method, the calcium and magnesium ions are bound by EDTA, with a Reagent indicating the end point by a characteristic color change.

Measuring principle: 1 reagent is added to the water sample. When the titration solution is added drop by drop, the hardness constituents bind to the EDTA. The color change from red to green indicates that all hardness constituents are bound.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 1.0 °dH (for 5 ml sample) or 0.5 °dH (for 10 ml sample). The number of drops multiplied by the drop value directly results in the total hardness in °dH.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 1 minute

  Ideal for routine checks on site – immediate results without waiting time

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Measured value per drop: 1.0 / 0.5 °dH – exact results thanks to proven complexometric method

• 100 at 10°dH Determinations per set

  Economical for regular household, commercial and industrial checks

• Clear color change from red to green

  Clear endpoint recognition – easy to read even for inexperienced users

• Flexible sample volume (5 ml or 10 ml)

  Higher accuracy with 10 ml sample due to halved drop value

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable even under harsh conditions

Der Beitrag Caldur® Total hardness GH 100 – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is chloride measured for?

Chloride is one of the most important anions in natural waters and plays a decisive role in the assessment of water quality. As a salt of hydrochloric acid, chloride occurs in almost all natural waters and enters the water from various sources: the dissolution of minerals, road salt in winter, industrial discharges and municipal wastewater.

Monitoring the chloride concentration is particularly important for assessing corrosion potential in piping systems. High chloride levels can significantly accelerate the corrosion of metallic materials, especially stainless steel and galvanized steel. Regular chloride monitoring is therefore essential in drinking water supplies and industrial cooling circuits.

The limit value for drinking water in Germany is 250 mg/l (Drinking Water Ordinance). This value is primarily intended to prevent corrosion damage and ensure a pleasant taste, as higher chloride concentrations can give the water a salty taste.

Chloride measurement is also particularly relevant in the food industry, in swimming pools, in electroplating and for monitoring groundwater and surface water. Determining the chloride content allows conclusions to be drawn about possible contamination from road salt, waste water or industrial discharges.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® Chloride test set uses the proven mercurimetric titration method with silver nitrate. In this method, a titration solution is added to the water sample, whereby the chloride ions react with mercury(II) ions and form a sparingly soluble precipitate.

Measuring principle: After adding reagent A (Reagent) and reagent B (buffer) to the water sample, the titration solution is added drop by drop. The end point of the titration is indicated by a characteristic color change. The number of drops used corresponds directly to the chloride concentration in mg/l.

Calculation: Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 5 mg/l chloride. With 10 drops up to the color change, the chloride concentration is therefore 50 mg/l.

The titration method is internationally recognized and is characterized by high accuracy and reproducibility. It is particularly suitable for applications where a quantitative determination in the medium concentration range is required.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quick analysis in just 3 minutes

  Ideal for routine on-site inspections – saves time and enables immediate decisions

• High precision due to drop-by-drop titration

  Precise results thanks to proven mercurimetric method with silver nitrate

• 100 provisions per set – economical in continuous use

  Cost-efficient for regular checks in waterworks, industry and laboratories

• Wide measuring range from 5-250 mg/l Cl-

  Coverage of the entire relevant concentration range for drinking water and process water

• Easy handling without special equipment

  No additional technology required – ideal for quick tests on site and in the laboratory

• Robust, waterproof plastic housing with hinged lid

  Safe transportation and protection of reagents – durable and reliable

Der Beitrag Caldur® Chloride – Titration erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.

What is chlorine dioxide measured for?

Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) is a highly effective disinfectant that is increasingly being used in drinking water treatment and industrial cooling water systems. Unlike chlorine, chlorine dioxide does not form halogenated by-products such as trihalomethanes (THM) and is also effective at higher pH values.

The recommended range for chlorine dioxide in drinking water is 0.05-0.4 mg/l ClO₂ (DVGW W 624). However, significantly higher concentrations can occur during the production and dosing of chlorine dioxide, which must be monitored precisely.

This titrimetric test set is specially designed for monitoring higher concentrations. With a measured value of 2.5 mg/l ClO₂ per drop, it is ideal for checking dosing systems, monitoring chlorine dioxide production and quality assurance in water treatment.

How does the test set work?

The CALDUR® chlorine dioxide test kit works according to the titrimetric principle with thiosulphate. The water sample is first mixed with two indicator solutions. The titration solution is then added drop by drop until a characteristic color change indicates the end point.

Measuring principle: Chlorine dioxide oxidizes the added iodide to iodine, which is quantitatively determined by thiosulphate titration. Each drop of titration solution corresponds to 2.5 mg/l ClO₂.

Calculation: The number of drops used multiplied by 2.5 directly results in the chlorine dioxide concentration in mg/l.

Advantages of the CALDUR® test set

• Quantitative determination by titration

  Precise measurement results for system control and quality control

• Measured value 2.5 mg/l ClO₂ per drop

  Ideal for monitoring dosing systems and manufacturing processes

• 4 reagents for maximum accuracy

  2 Reagents and 1 titration solution ensure reliable results

• Quick analysis in approx. 5 minutes

  Efficient on-site determination without laboratory equipment

• 10 to 25 mg/l determinations per set

  Economical for regular operational control

Der Beitrag Caldur® Chlorine dioxide – Titrimetric erschien zuerst auf RLS Wacon analytics.